State of the art astronomy demands high performance detectors, good enough to measure the change in power that would result if we could strike a match on the surface of the Sun!
To achieve the desired level of sensitivity, detectors are typically cooled to sub-Kelvin temperatures (below -272 C) and exposure must be limited only to the precisely required range of frequencies.
High performance filters are therefore critical. They must transmit the tiny in-band signal power efficiently to the detectors. At the same time they must block out unwanted power to a very high level.
The plot shows the spectral blocking specification for filters on board the HFI instrument on ESA's Planck satellite. You can see that our filters actually achieved rather more than was specified, which meant that the lifetime of the Planck mission was extended by 14 months.